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Instrumentation and biological applications of high-resolution frequency modulation atomic force microscopy in liquid 福間, 剛士 Fukuma, Takeshi 366 90452094 90452094 90452094 Frequency modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) has been a powerful tool for imaging atomic-scale structures and properties of various materials including metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, alkali halides and organic systems. Whilst the method has been used mainly in ultrahigh vacuum environments, recent progress in FM-AFM instrumentation made it possible to apply this technique also to investigations in liquid. This technological innovation opened up a variety of applications of FM-AFM in biology and electrochemistry. To date, the improved FM-AFM instrument and technique have been applied to investigations of several biological materials, providing novel information that has not been accessible with other imaging techniques. In this review, I will summarize the recent progress in FM-AFM instrumentation and biological applications in liquid. © (2008) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland. 金沢大学ナノ生命科学研究所 journal article Trans Tech Publications 2008-01-01 AM application/pdf Journal of Nano Research 4 1 10 1662-5250 https://kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/8310/files/TE-PR-FUKUMA-T-1.pdf https://doi.org/10.24517/00008297 http://hdl.handle.net/2297/33422 https://kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/8310 eng 10.4028/www.scientific.net/JNanoR.4.1