@article{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00010927,
 author = {Urata, Makoto and Yamaguchi, Masaaki},
 issue = {5},
 journal = {Zoological science},
 month = {May},
 note = {We describe development from fertilization to metamorphosis of the enteropneust hemichordate Balanoglossus misakiensis. This is the first report to describe the complete development of an indirect-developing hemichordate under laboratory conditions. Mature adults were induced to spawn by shifting the temperature of seawater from 23 to 28°C. Eggs (200 μm diameter) were enclosed within a non-mucilaginous membrane, and dispersed readily in seawater. After artificial insemination, a fertilization envelope was elevated from the egg surface beneath the egg membrane; this was followed by the formation of the first and second polar bodies within the envelope. Zygotes cleaved at 20-min intervals to form blastulae, and gastrulation started 9 h after fertilization. Embryos hatched 1 day after fertilization to become typical feeding tornaria larvae. The larvae metamorphosed 7-10 days after fertilization without undergoing the first (Müller) or forth (Krohn) stage of indirect-developing hemichordate development. Larvae that were not fed failed to metamorphose. Juveniles completed adult body formation within a week of settling in sand at the bottom of the culture tube. We discuss heterochronical modifications of B. misakiensis development, and make the case for this species as a potential model organism for the investigation of indirect-developing hemichordates.},
 pages = {533--540},
 title = {The development of the enteropneust hemichordate Balanoglossus misakiensis Kuwano},
 volume = {21},
 year = {2004}
}