@article{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00012904, author = {Ishikawa, Shinya and Naruhashi, Naohiro}, issue = {1}, journal = {植物地理・分類研究 = The journal of phytogeography and toxonomy}, month = {Jun}, note = {Duchesnea(Rosaceae)has fruits(etaerios)like strawberry(Fragaria)and is so far thought to be a bird-disseminated plant. However, its achenes possess appendages that are morphologically like elaiosomes, suggest-ing that ants would disseminate those achenes and seeds. In 1998 and 1999, we tested whether achenes(seeds) of two closely-related species D . chrysantha and D . indica, growing in Kurehayama Park and the surroundings, Toyama City, central Japan, would be removed and dispersed or not removed by ants. Four ant species(Lasius niger, Paratrechina flavipes, Pristomyrmex pungens and Tetramorium caespitum)were observed to carry the achenes to their nests. Ants frequently removed achenes of D . chrysantha but did not remove those of D . indica. Viable seeds of D . chrysantha were found at a depth from 0 to 40 cm in the soils, while those of D . indica were found only at the top layer(0to 10cm). These results suggest that the achenes of D . chrysantha may be effec-tively dispersed by ants rather than those of D . indica. We consider that D . chrysantha is amphichorous, i.e., etaerios are eaten and achenes are disseminated by birds and in the case of fruits that have not been eaten by birds, achenes drop off from the receptacle and are removed and dispersed by ants.   富山市呉羽山公園と隣接する空地に於いて, 1998 年と1999 年にヘビイチゴとヤブヘビイチゴの痩果を用いアリが運ぶかどうかの実験を行ったところ,4 種のアリ(トビイロケアリ,アメイロアリ,アミメアリ,トビイロシワアリ)が運搬した。最もよく運搬したトビイロシワアリを使用し,ヘビイチゴ群落内とヤブヘビイチゴ群落内でそれぞれどちらの痩果がよく運搬されるのかを調べたところ,ヘビ イチゴの痩果が顕著に運搬された。一方,ヤブヘビイチゴはほとんど運搬されなかった。また,痩果の付属体の有無でアリの運搬の差を調べたところ,付属体の未除去のヘビイチゴが非常によく運搬された。また,これら付属体は種子の付着部の発達したもので,多くの被子植物のエライオソームに類似していた(中西1988 の図参照)。秋に上記の場所でボーリングを行い,50 cm の土のコアーを取り,10 cm毎のサンプルに分け,それぞれのサンプルからの発芽植物を調べた。その結果,10 cm 以上の深さから出土したヘビイチゴ種子の発芽を確認した。 以上の結果から,ヘビイチゴの痩果はアリ散布であり,この植物は鳥散布に加えて,アリ散布も行う二又散布であると考えられた。}, pages = {39--48}, title = {Evaluation of adaptation to myrmecochory in etaerio-bearing plants Duchesnea chrysantha and D. indica(Rosaceae)}, volume = {51}, year = {2003} }