@article{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00013381,
 author = {Nakamoto, Yasunari and Mizukoshi, Eishiro and Kitahara, Masaaki and Arihara, Fumitaka and Sakai, Yoshio and Kakinoki, Kaheita and Fujita, Yui and Marukawa, Yohei and Arai, Kuniaki and Yamashita, Tatsuya and Mukaida, Naofumi and Matsushima, Kouji and Matsui, Osamu and Kaneko, Shuichi},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {Clinical and Experimental Immunology},
 month = {Feb},
 note = {Despite curative locoregional treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), tumour recurrence rates remain high. The current study was designed to assess the safety and bioactivity of infusion of dendritic cells (DCs) stimulated with OK432, a streptococcus-derived anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agent, into tumour tissues following transcatheter hepatic arterial embolization (TAE) treatment in patients with HCC. DCs were derived from peripheral blood monocytes of patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and HCC in the presence of interleukin (IL)-4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and stimulated with 0.1 KE/ml OK432 for 2 days. Thirteen patients were administered with 5 × 106 of DCs through arterial catheter during the procedures of TAE treatment on day 7. The immunomodulatory effects and clinical responses were evaluated in comparison with a group of 22 historical controls treated with TAE but without DC transfer. OK432 stimulation of immature DCs promoted their maturation towards cells with activated phenotypes, high expression of a homing receptor, fairly well-preserved phagocytic capacity, greatly enhanced cytokine production and effective tumoricidal activity. Administration of OK432-stimulated DCs to patients was found to be feasible and safe. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed prolonged recurrence-free survival of patients treated in this manner compared with the historical controls (P = 0.046, log-rank test). The bioactivity of the transferred DCs was reflected in higher serum concentrations of the cytokines IL-9, IL-15 and tumour necrosis factor-α and the chemokines CCL4 and CCL11. Collectively, this study suggests that a DC-based, active immunotherapeutic strategy in combination with locoregional treatments exerts beneficial anti-tumour effects against liver cancer. © 2010 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Immunology © 2010 British Society for Immunology., 金沢大学医薬保健研究域医学系},
 pages = {165--177},
 title = {Prolonged recurrence-free survival following OK432-stimulated dendritic cell transfer into hepatocellular carcinoma during transarterial embolization},
 volume = {163},
 year = {2011}
}