@article{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00013787,
 author = {Ando, Hitoshi and Kurita, Seiichiro and Shimizu, Akiko and Kato, Ken-ichiro and Ishikura, Kazuhide and Taji, Koumei and Uno, Masafumi and Takeshita, Yumie and Misu, Hirofumi and Fujimura, Akio and Kaneko, Shuichi and Takamura, Toshinari},
 issue = {6},
 journal = {Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {Few studies have evaluated the pharmacokinetics of rapid-acting insulin analogues in patients with Type 2 diabetes, especially under clinical conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin aspart in Type 2 diabetic patients who were being treated with the analogue alone. Meal tolerance tests with and without self-injection of a customary dose of insulin aspart (0.05-0.22 U/kg) were conducted in 20 patients in a randomized cross-over study. The dose of insulin aspart (per bodyweight) was significantly correlated with both the maximum concentration (r 2 = 0.59; P < 0.01) and area under the concentration-time curve for insulin aspart (r 2 = 0.53; P < 0.01). However, the time to maximum concentration (T max), which varied widely from < 60 to ≥ 120 min, was not associated with either dosage (r 2 = 0.02; P = 0.51) or body mass index (r 2 = 0.02; P = 0.57). Injection of insulin aspart exacerbated delayed hyperinsulinaemia after meal loading, mainly in patients with T max ≥ 120 min. With regard to pharmacodynamics, insulin aspart had favourable effects on postprandial hyperglycaemia, hyperglucagonaemia and hyperlipidaemia. The T max for this insulin analogue differed greatly between individuals and delayed hyperinsulinaemia was particularly exacerbated in patients with higher T max values. Identification of the factors contributing to interindividual variation in the absorption lag time is essential for improving the efficacy and safety of insulin aspart. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.},
 pages = {528--534},
 title = {Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulin aspart in patients with Type 2 diabetes: Assessment using a meal tolerance test under clinical conditions},
 volume = {39},
 year = {2012}
}