@book{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00030994,
 author = {Yokoyama, Shigeru},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Inflammatory cytokines play important roles in a variety of pathophysiological changes associated with traumatic injury and demyelinating disorders in the peripheral nervous system. After sciatic nerve injury, proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) are produced by and act on neurons, Schwann cells, and infiltrating inflammatory cells at the lesion site. Underlying these processes is receptor-mediated activation of intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell differentiation and proliferation and synthesis of axon and myelin components. This review focuses on roles of inflammatory cytokines in the degeneration and regeneration of the peripheral nerve. In addition, we describe here altered expression of inflammatory cytokines in gradually elongated rat sciatic nerves. This experimental model, which is devoid of Wallerian degeneration, provides insights into the involvement of inflammatory cytokines in the maintenance of myelinated axons. Based on the findings obtained from nerve elongation models and those from conventional nerve injury models, we discuss the molecular mechanism that ensures the integrity of the peripheral nerve. © 2011 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.},
 publisher = {Nova Science Publishers},
 title = {Inflammatory cytokines in degeneration, regeneration and maintenance of sciatic nerve},
 year = {2011}
}