@article{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00043881,
 author = {Iwata, Rei and 岩田, 礼},
 issue = {239},
 journal = {中国語学, Bulletin of the Chinese Linguistic Society of Japan},
 month = {},
 note = {Ganyu is located at the northeastern corner of Jiangsu. It has been believed that the “Ru” (entering) tone in Middle Chinese was lost in the dialect there. The linguistic survey of the Ganyu dialects in 1980 found that MC Ru tone words with voiceless or sonorant initials (Qing-Ru) were phonologically or morpho-phonologically distinguished in the Luoyang dialect, one of the southern Ganyu dialects, at the non-final positions of words. At the final positions, MC Qing-Ru has merged with Shang tone in the majority type of pronunciation, unlike the major dialects in Ganyu in which it has merged with Yin-Ping tone. Qing-Ru is also preserved in Shiqiao, northern Ganyu, and the traces of its features are found even in other Ganyu dialects. It is assumed that the tone register of Qing-Ru was lower than Shang and higher than Yin-Ping. The development of Qing-Ru tone in the Ganyu dialects is discussed and the evolutionary process of the tones is reconstructed., 金沢大学人間社会研究域歴史言語文化学系},
 pages = {164--171},
 title = {赣榆县・罗阳乡方言的入声},
 volume = {1992},
 year = {1992}
}