@article{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00059018,
 author = {北浦, 勝 and 宮島, 昌克 and Kitaura, Masaru and Miyajima, Masakatsu},
 issue = {1},
 journal = {金沢大学工学部紀要, Memoirs of the Faculty of Technology Kanazawa University},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {This paper deals with vibrating tests using a rubber pipe model in liquefaction process. Pipe strain characteristics during liquefaction are investigated and a procedure for mitigating the damages due to liquefaction is given. In the past earthquakes a number of heavy damages have been caused not only by seismic wave propagation but also by ground failure such as liquefaction, landslide and faults. Liquefaction-induced dynamic behaviour and the failure criteria of the buried pipeline, however, have not been made clear. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamic response of the buried pipeline and to consider how to prevent those damages. 
  Experiments were performed using the pipe whose one end was fixed, which was the model of a pipeline connected to a building. They provided fundamental strain characteristics; accumulated residual and vibrating strains concentrated remarkably near the fixed end. In addition, the accumulated residual strains were found to be much larger than the vibrating strains near the fixed end. Furthermore the model ground near the fixed end of the pipe was improved by compaction. Sand compaction reduced the accumulated residual strains, however, it caused the large vibrating strains at the boundary between a loose and a dense sand stratum.},
 pages = {17--24},
 title = {Strain Characteristics of Model Pipe Fixed at One End During Liquefaction},
 volume = {16},
 year = {1983}
}