@article{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00000689,
 author = {出村, 慎一 and 松沢, 甚三郎 and 中, 比呂志 and 北, 一郎},
 issue = {3},
 journal = {体力科学 = Japanese journal of physical fitness and sports medicine},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {Well-trained young swimmers seem to have different physical characteristics as compared with non-athletes of the same age group. The purpose of this study was to determine physical characteristics of well-trained young competitive swimmers from a standpoint of differences in training, sex, and growth and development. A total of 47 boy and girl swimmers and 124 untrained boys and girls were selected as subjects. All swimmers began to swim regularly in an elementary school age and continued hard swimming training for at least 2 years. A battery of 53 parameters representing each physical domain such as physique, muscular strength, flexibility, neuromuscular function, cardio-respiratory function, were selected to examine subject's physical characteristics. The following results were found : boy swimmers have less body fat, superior physique, mascular strength, flexibility, agility, and also superior cardio-respiratory function as compared with untrained boys. Also girl swimmers have almost the same physical characteristics except for physique and general static strength. Boy swimmers possess larger stature and bone width, and superior muscular strength and cardio-respiratory function as compared with girl swimmers. A similar sex difference is found in non-athletes. High school swimmers have more solid body mass, and superior dynamic and static strength, relating to an achievement of swimming speed, than junior high school swimmers.},
 pages = {278--287},
 title = {中学・高校競泳選手の身体特性},
 volume = {40},
 year = {1991}
}