@article{oai:kanazawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp:00008536,
 author = {Yamakoshi, Takehiro and Matsumura, Kenta and Rolfe, Peter},
 journal = {Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies},
 month = {Jan},
 note = {Vehicle-related countermeasures to sustain driver's alertness might improve traffic safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of somatosensory 20. Hz mechanical vibration, applied to driver's right heel during prolonged, simulated, monotonous driving, on their cardiovascular hemodynamic behavior. In 12 healthy young male volunteers, during 90-min periods of simulated monotonous driving, we compared cardiovascular variables during application of 20. Hz mechanical vibration with 1.5. Hz as a control and with no vibration. The parameters recorded were indices of key cardiovascular hemodynamic phenomena, i.e., blood pressure as an indicator of stress, cardiac output, and total peripheral-vascular resistance. The principle results were that all conditions increased the mean blood pressure, and elicited a vascular-dominant reaction pattern typically observed in monotonous driving tasks. However, mean blood pressure and total peripheral-vascular resistance during the monotonous task were significantly decreased in those receiving the 20. Hz vibration as compared with 1.5. Hz and with no vibration. The observed differences indicate the cardiovascular system being more relieved from monotonous driving stress with the 20. Hz vibration. The major conclusion is that applying 20. Hz mechanical vibration to the right heel during long-distance driving in non-sleepy drivers could facilitate more physiologically appropriate status for vehicle operation and could be a potential vehicular countermeasure technology. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.},
 pages = {101--109},
 title = {Controlled mechanical vibration applied to driver's right heel to sustain alertness: Effects on cardiovascular behavior},
 volume = {38},
 year = {2014}
}