| Item type |
学術雑誌論文 / Journal Article(1) |
| 公開日 |
2019-03-08 |
| タイトル |
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タイトル |
The Quality of Medicines in Community Pharmacies in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS)-Based Survey |
| 言語 |
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言語 |
eng |
| 資源タイプ |
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資源タイプ識別子 |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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資源タイプ |
journal article |
| ID登録 |
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ID登録 |
10.24517/00053633 |
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ID登録タイプ |
JaLC |
| 著者 |
Khojah, Hani M. J.
Pallos, Henrik
Yoshida, Naoko
Akazawa, Manabu
Tsuboi, Hirohito
Kimura, Kazuko
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| 著者別表示 |
吉田, 直子
赤沢, 学
坪井, 宏仁
木村, 和子
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| 提供者所属 |
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内容記述タイプ |
Other |
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内容記述 |
医薬保健研究域薬学系 |
| 書誌情報 |
Pharmacology and Pharmacy
巻 4,
号 7,
p. 511-519,
発行日 2013-10
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| ISSN |
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収録物識別子タイプ |
ISSN |
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収録物識別子 |
2157-9423 |
| DOI |
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関連タイプ |
isIdenticalTo |
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識別子タイプ |
DOI |
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関連識別子 |
10.4236/pp.2013.47074 |
| 出版者 |
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出版者 |
Scientific Research Publishing |
| 抄録 |
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内容記述タイプ |
Abstract |
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内容記述 |
Objectives: To classify community pharmacies (CPs) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in terms of the quality of medicines sold by them, using the lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) technique with a predefined threshold. Methods: Riyadh CPs were divided into 2 categories (“lots” for the purpose of LQAS), i.e., chain and independent CPs. Upper and lower rate thresholds for CPs that sell low-quality medicines were predefined as 20% and 5%, respectively. Consumer and provider risks were predefined as 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. The calculated number of randomly selected CPs required in each lot was 36; then, sale of low-quality medicines in >3 CPs implies a prevalence of >20% of such CPs according to LQAS. A randomly selected brand of amoxicillin (selected as a quality indicator of medicines because it is both widely counterfeited and heat-sensitive) was purchased from each pharmacy by a “mystery shopper”, checked for authenticity, and analyzed for drug content and content uniformity using a validated HPLC method. Results: Substandard amoxicillin was purchased in 9 pharmacies (4 chains and 5 independent). Both lots were thus rejected as unacceptable, which may indicate that consumers in Riyadh are at risk of purchasing substandard medicines at CPs. Conclusions: The quality of medicines sold in CPs in Riyadh did not meet our acceptability criterion, and appropriate intervention by decision makers is recommended. LQAS proved to be a practical, economical, and statistically valid sampling method for surveying the quality of medicines. It should enable decision makers to allocate resources for improvement more efficiently. |
| 権利 |
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権利情報 |
Copyright © 2013 Hani M. J. Khojah et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| 著者版フラグ |
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出版タイプ |
VoR |
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出版タイプResource |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
PH-PR-KIMURA-K-511.pdf (429.9 kB)
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